There are three forms of power: These forms constitute a power base. But sometimes situations can hamper power gaining efforts and practicing means. However, these forms of power are mentioned below:
Forms of power in an organization
- Force
- Domination, and
- Manipulation
We shall discuss these forms as follows:
1. Force: Force is said to be at work when the person holding power influences the behavior of others by means of physical manipulating like assault, confinement, etc. By applying force the superior can get things done by the subordinates who are sound to execute order.
2. Domination: When the power figure makes it explicitly clear to others what he wants them to do to carry out the work through his command or request etc. and others carry out his orders, he is said to be attempting domination. In other words, when a person dominates the will of others through his authority to command, it is said domination.
3. Manipulation: It may be said to be a mix of force and domination. When the person holding power does not make it explicitly clear to others what type of behavior, he expects from others, but still he influences the behavior of others, he is said to be engaged in manipulation. Lie does so through propaganda against the party concerned or by sabotaging its activities and undermining confidence. Polities her play an important role.
Generally, the power figure uses his power through diminution but it does not mean that he does not use force or manipulation. An attempted way meets with success or failure depending upon the target of influence.
If he fails, he again attempts dominating though his authority or requests. But in case of repeated failures, he may make use of sanctions resulting in a deprivation of values already possessed or the obstruction in the attainment of values.
Etzioni also suggests three types of power:
1. Coercive power: This type of power is mainly based on coercion or the threat to use physical sanction like the use of a gun etc. this power is generally used for the lower cadre people in the organization.
2. Utilitarian power: Utilitarian power is based on monetary aspect. Money can do anything and this power (money power) helps them acquire goods and services.
3. Normative or social power: Normative or social power is based on normative symbols of prestige and esteem or on social symbols of love and affection or on both. The men in the organization use more than one kind of power at a time.
However, how participants respond to it depends not only on the use of a particular power but also on their won social and cultural personalities and values.
Related Content of Organizational Power:
- What is the Meaning of Organizational Power?
- Two Faces of Power Proposed by David McClelland
- Theories of Organizational Power
- Tactical Dimensions or Strategies of Power
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Autocratic Leadership
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Democratic Leadership
- What is the Definition of Authority?
- What are the Characteristics of Authority?
- Difference between Power, Authority, and Influence
- Difference between Power and Authority
- The Elements of Power
- Importance of Power in an Organization
- Sources of Power in an Organization
- Measurement of Power in an Organization
- Disadvantages of Individual Power
- Impact of Power on Others
- Unequal Power in a Team